Overview

sqlb: SQL Builder for Go. Features:

• Supports plain SQL queries with ordinal or named params.
  • Supports argument lists.
  • Supports argument maps.
  • Supports argument structs.
• Supports generating SQL clauses from structs.
  • Generate "select" clauses from structs.
  • Generate "insert" clauses from structs.
  • Generate "update" clauses from structs.
  • Generate "delete" clauses from structs.
  • Generate "and" and "or" conditional clauses from structs.
• Provides data structures forming an SQL DSL in Go.
  • Shortcuts for common queries such as select, insert, update, delete.
  • Arbitrarily composable and nestable.
  • Uses data literals, not a builder API.
• Supports an optional "JSON Expression Language" (JEL) for expressing SQL expressions with nested Lisp-style calls in JSON.
• Supports safely parsing "order by" clauses from JSON and text, for specific struct types, converting field names from "json" field tags to "db" field tags.
• Supports "sparse" structs, where not all fields are "present", allowing to implement HTTP PATCH semantics without sacrificing static typing.
• Compatible with standard SQL syntax, biased towards Postgres.
• Decently optimized.
• Small and dependency-free.

API docs: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/mitranim/sqlb.

See the sibling library https://github.com/mitranim/gos for scanning SQL rows into structs.

Examples

All examples imply the following import:

import s "github.com/mitranim/sqlb"

Query with named parameters and structs

func ExampleStrQ_structs() {
  type Output struct {
    Col0 string `db:"col0"`
    Col1 string `db:"col1"`
  }

  type Filter struct {
    Col2 int64 `db:"col2"`
    Col3 int64 `db:"col3"`
  }

  fmt.Println(s.Reify(
    s.StrQ{`
      select :cols from some_table where :filter
    `, s.Dict{
      `cols`:   s.Cols{(*Output)(nil)},
      `filter`: s.And{Filter{10, 20}},
    }},
  ))
  // Output:
  // select "col0", "col1" from some_table where "col2" = $1 and "col3" = $2 [10 20]
}

AST-style query building

func ExampleInsert_nonEmpty() {
  type Fields struct {
    Col0 int64 `db:"col0"`
    Col1 int64 `db:"col1"`
  }

  fmt.Println(s.Reify(s.Insert{`some_table`, Fields{10, 20}}))

  // Output:
  // insert into "some_table" ("col0", "col1") values ($1, $2) returning * [10 20]
}

Composition

func Example_composition() {
  inner := s.StrQ{
    `select * from some_table where col0 = :val`,
    s.Dict{`val`: 10},
  }

  outer := s.StrQ{
    `select * from (:inner) as _ where col1 = :val`,
    s.Dict{`inner`: inner, `val`: 20},
  }

  fmt.Println(s.Reify(outer))
  // Output:
  // select * from (select * from some_table where col0 = $1) as _ where col1 = $2 [10 20]
}

Changelog

v0.7.4

Minor fix for reporting types in error messages. Some internal tweaks.

v0.7.3

Added UpsertConflictVoid, UpsertConflict.

v0.7.2

Added ValidateUnusedArguments that globally disables or enables argument validation.

Internal improvements in errors.

v0.7.1

Added InsertVoid, UpdateVoid, DeleteVoid, UpsertVoid.

v0.7.0

Renamed method .Append in various types to .AppendTo for consistency with other libraries.

Renamed interface Appender to AppenderTo.

v0.6.8

Added LaxDict: dictionary of named arguments similar to Dict, but without support for validating unused arguments.

v0.6.7

Fixed an edge case bug in Upsert.

v0.6.6

Fixed support for non-empty sparse structs in Upsert.

v0.6.5

Add Upsert.

v0.6.4

OrdsParser support default "dir" and "nulls" in struct tags:

type Ordable struct {
  Name string `json:"name" db:"name" ord.dir:"desc" ord.nulls:"last"`
}

v0.6.3

• Dir supports text parsing and encoding.
• Minor breaking change: Bui.Arg now appends both an argument and a parameter.

v0.6.2

CommaAppender and ArrayAppender are now parametrized on the element type.

v0.6.1

Added StructsInsert, StructsInsertOf.

v0.6.0

• Support role:"ref" struct field annotation for pointer-like generic types.

• Require Go 1.18.

v0.5.3

Added SliceCommaAppender.

v0.5.2

Update now defaults to where null rather than where true. The new behavior is aligned with Delete.

Embedded struct fields tagged with db:"" or db:"-" are now completely ignored. The old behavior treated them as untagged, traversing them. The new behavior allows to completely skip an embedded struct, on an opt-in basis, without having to modify the db tags of its inner fields.

v0.5.1

Added optional support for a hidden Nullable interface, shared with the library github.com/mitranim/gt.

v0.5.0

• Revised ords parsing.
  • Split OrdsParser into two types:
    • ParserOrds → suitable for inclusion into other types.
    • OrdsParser → suitable for transient, stackframe-local use.
  • Added (*Ords).OrdsParser suitable for use by types that embed Ords and implement custom parsing methods.
  • Support arbitrary filters for struct fields.
  • Added TagFilter for field filtering.
• Renamed Sparse.HasField to Sparse.AllowField. Filter uses a method with the same signature, and the old name didn't make sense for it.
• Misc:
  • Renamed (*Ords).AppendVals → (*Ords).Add.
  • Added (*Ords).Zero.
  • Replaced Ords.Grow with (*Ords).Grow that modifies the receiver.

v0.4.3

Add SelectCount.

v0.4.2

Add Limit, Offset, LimitUint, OffsetUint.

v0.4.1

Exported ErrEmptyAssign used by StructAssign and Update to indicate the inability to generate a valid SQL "update set" clause.

v0.4.0

Added low-level tools for text encoding and SQL array encoding:

• ArrayAppender
• CommaAppender
• String
• TryString
• Append
• TryAppend
• TryAppendWith
• AppendWith
• AppenderString

Breaking changes:

• Removed useless expression type Int.
• Renamed Bui.TryExprs to Bui.CatchExprs.

v0.3.0

Revised AST-style expressions:

• Removed uselessly low-level exprs such as Space, ReturningStar, and so on.
• Added higher-level shortcuts for extremely common yet simple operations:
  • Select
  • Insert
  • Update
  • Delete

v0.2.1

Added Sparse and Partial to support "sparse" structs, allowing to implement HTTP PATCH semantics more easily, efficiently, and correctly.

v0.2.0

Full API revision. Added many AST/DSL-like types for common expressions. Optimized parsing and expression building. Use caching and pooling to minimize redundant work. String-based query building now uses partial parsing with caching, and should no longer be a measurable expense. Ported JEL support from github.com/mitranim/jel.

v0.1.17

Added Ords.OrType.

v0.1.16

Added NamedArg.Norm. Improved NamedArg.IsNil and NamedArgs.Conditions. They now use the driver.Valuer.Value method, if present, to determine null-ness, which works for non-pointer "nullable" types.

v0.1.15

Ords.Or is now a value method that returns a modified version, rather than a pointer method that mutated the original.

v0.1.14

StructMap and StructNamedArgs now tolerate nil inputs. Previously, they tolerated non-nil interfaces where the underlying value was a nil struct pointer. Now they also allow nil interfaces.

v0.1.13

Fixed the bug where the Ords.Lax mode was appending malformed ords, instead of skipping them entirely.

v0.1.12

• StrQuery now interpolates directly, without invoking (*Query).Append on the provided query. This allows to interpolate StrQuery strings that contain parameter placeholders. Use at your own risk.

• (*Query).Append no longer has an argument length limit.

v0.1.11

Added Ords.Lax: a boolean that causes Ords to skip unknown fields during parsing.

v0.1.10

Breaking changes in the name of efficiency:

• NamedArgs.Conditions now uses = and is null, as appropriate, instead of previous is not distinct from. At the time of writing, Postgres (version <= 12) is unable to use indexes for is not distinct from, which may result in much slower queries. The new approach avoids this gotcha.

• In Ord, nulls last is now opt-in rather than default. In addition, asc/desc in input strings is now optional. This more precisely reflects SQL semantics and allows finer-grained control. More importantly, it avoids a potential performance gotcha. At the time of writing, Postgres (version <= 12) is unable to use normal indexes for nulls last ordering. Instead it requires specialized indexes where nulls last is set explicitly. Making it opt-in reduces the chance of accidental slowness.

  • Added OrdAscNl and OrdDescNl for convenient construction.

  • Minor breaking change: Ord.IsDesc is now Ord.Desc.

• Minor breaking change: removed Ord.IsValid.

Non-breaking additions:

• Ords.RowNumber(): generates a Postgres window function expression row_number() over (order by ...), falling back on a constant value when the ordering is empty.

• QueryOrd(): shortcut for making a Query with a single .Append() invocation.

• QueryNamed(): shortcut for making a Query with a single .AppendNamed() invocation.

0.1.9

Added Ords and Ord: structured representation of order by, able to decode from external input such as JSON, but also flexible enough to store arbitrary sub-queries. Ported from github.com/mitranim/jel, while also adding the ability to store sub-queries rather than only identifiers.

0.1.8

Added StrQuery.

0.1.7

Corrected CheckUnused to be true by default, which was always intended.

0.1.6

Added CheckUnused which allows to opt out of unused parameter checks in Query.Append and Query.AppendNamed. Can be convenient for development.

0.1.5

Minor bugfix: Query.String is now implemented on the non-pointer type, as intended. Also updated the sqlp dependency.

0.1.4

Breaking changes in Query: simpler interface, better performance.

Instead of storing and operating on a parsed AST, Query now stores the query text as []byte. We use sqlp.Tokenizer to parse inputs without generating an AST, transcoding parameters on the fly. IQuery now simply appends to an externally-passed Query, instead of having to return a parsed AST representation. All together, this significantly simplifies the implementation of Query and any external IQuery types.

0.1.3

Added Query.Clear().

0.1.2

Breaking: methods of NamedArgs now return queries, suitable for inclusion into other queries. Separate methods for strings and arg slices have been removed.

0.1.1

Dependency update.

0.1.0

First tagged release.

License

https://unlicense.org

Misc

I'm receptive to suggestions. If this library almost satisfies you but needs changes, open an issue or chat me up. Contacts: https://mitranim.com/#contacts