websocket-server.js

/* eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "varsIgnorePattern": "^Duplex$", "caughtErrors": "none" }] */

'use strict';

const EventEmitter = require('events');
const http = require('http');
const { Duplex } = require('stream');
const { createHash } = require('crypto');

const extension = require('./extension');
const PerMessageDeflate = require('./permessage-deflate');
const subprotocol = require('./subprotocol');
const WebSocket = require('./websocket');
const { GUID, kWebSocket } = require('./constants');

const keyRegex = /^[+/0-9A-Za-z]{22}==$/;

const RUNNING = 0;
const CLOSING = 1;
const CLOSED = 2;

/**
 * Class representing a WebSocket server.
 *
 * @extends EventEmitter
 */
class WebSocketServer extends EventEmitter {
  /**
   * Create a `WebSocketServer` instance.
   *
   * @param {Object} options Configuration options
   * @param {Boolean} [options.allowSynchronousEvents=true] Specifies whether
   *     any of the `'message'`, `'ping'`, and `'pong'` events can be emitted
   *     multiple times in the same tick
   * @param {Boolean} [options.autoPong=true] Specifies whether or not to
   *     automatically send a pong in response to a ping
   * @param {Number} [options.backlog=511] The maximum length of the queue of
   *     pending connections
   * @param {Boolean} [options.clientTracking=true] Specifies whether or not to
   *     track clients
   * @param {Function} [options.handleProtocols] A hook to handle protocols
   * @param {String} [options.host] The hostname where to bind the server
   * @param {Number} [options.maxPayload=104857600] The maximum allowed message
   *     size
   * @param {Boolean} [options.noServer=false] Enable no server mode
   * @param {String} [options.path] Accept only connections matching this path
   * @param {(Boolean|Object)} [options.perMessageDeflate=false] Enable/disable
   *     permessage-deflate
   * @param {Number} [options.port] The port where to bind the server
   * @param {(http.Server|https.Server)} [options.server] A pre-created HTTP/S
   *     server to use
   * @param {Boolean} [options.skipUTF8Validation=false] Specifies whether or
   *     not to skip UTF-8 validation for text and close messages
   * @param {Function} [options.verifyClient] A hook to reject connections
   * @param {Function} [options.WebSocket=WebSocket] Specifies the `WebSocket`
   *     class to use. It must be the `WebSocket` class or class that extends it
   * @param {Function} [callback] A listener for the `listening` event
   */
  constructor(options, callback) {
    super();

    options = {
      allowSynchronousEvents: true,
      autoPong: true,
      maxPayload: 100 * 1024 * 1024,
      skipUTF8Validation: false,
      perMessageDeflate: false,
      handleProtocols: null,
      clientTracking: true,
      verifyClient: null,
      noServer: false,
      backlog: null, // use default (511 as implemented in net.js)
      server: null,
      host: null,
      path: null,
      port: null,
      WebSocket,
      ...options
    };

    if (
      (options.port == null && !options.server && !options.noServer) ||
      (options.port != null && (options.server || options.noServer)) ||
      (options.server && options.noServer)
    ) {
      throw new TypeError(
        'One and only one of the "port", "server", or "noServer" options ' +
          'must be specified'
      );
    }

    if (options.port != null) {
      this._server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
        const body = http.STATUS_CODES[426];

        res.writeHead(426, {
          'Content-Length': body.length,
          'Content-Type': 'text/plain'
        });
        res.end(body);
      });
      this._server.listen(
        options.port,
        options.host,
        options.backlog,
        callback
      );
    } else if (options.server) {
      this._server = options.server;
    }

    if (this._server) {
      const emitConnection = this.emit.bind(this, 'connection');

      this._removeListeners = addListeners(this._server, {
        listening: this.emit.bind(this, 'listening'),
        error: this.emit.bind(this, 'error'),
        upgrade: (req, socket, head) => {
          this.handleUpgrade(req, socket, head, emitConnection);
        }
      });
    }

    if (options.perMessageDeflate === true) options.perMessageDeflate = {};
    if (options.clientTracking) {
      this.clients = new Set();
      this._shouldEmitClose = false;
    }

    this.options = options;
    this._state = RUNNING;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the bound address, the address family name, and port of the server
   * as reported by the operating system if listening on an IP socket.
   * If the server is listening on a pipe or UNIX domain socket, the name is
   * returned as a string.
   *
   * @return {(Object|String|null)} The address of the server
   * @public
   */
  address() {
    if (this.options.noServer) {
      throw new Error('The server is operating in "noServer" mode');
    }

    if (!this._server) return null;
    return this._server.address();
  }

  /**
   * Stop the server from accepting new connections and emit the `'close'` event
   * when all existing connections are closed.
   *
   * @param {Function} [cb] A one-time listener for the `'close'` event
   * @public
   */
  close(cb) {
    if (this._state === CLOSED) {
      if (cb) {
        this.once('close', () => {
          cb(new Error('The server is not running'));
        });
      }

      process.nextTick(emitClose, this);
      return;
    }

    if (cb) this.once('close', cb);

    if (this._state === CLOSING) return;
    this._state = CLOSING;

    if (this.options.noServer || this.options.server) {
      if (this._server) {
        this._removeListeners();
        this._removeListeners = this._server = null;
      }

      if (this.clients) {
        if (!this.clients.size) {
          process.nextTick(emitClose, this);
        } else {
          this._shouldEmitClose = true;
        }
      } else {
        process.nextTick(emitClose, this);
      }
    } else {
      const server = this._server;

      this._removeListeners();
      this._removeListeners = this._server = null;

      //
      // The HTTP/S server was created internally. Close it, and rely on its
      // `'close'` event.
      //
      server.close(() => {
        emitClose(this);
      });
    }
  }

  /**
   * See if a given request should be handled by this server instance.
   *
   * @param {http.IncomingMessage} req Request object to inspect
   * @return {Boolean} `true` if the request is valid, else `false`
   * @public
   */
  shouldHandle(req) {
    if (this.options.path) {
      const index = req.url.indexOf('?');
      const pathname = index !== -1 ? req.url.slice(0, index) : req.url;

      if (pathname !== this.options.path) return false;
    }

    return true;
  }

  /**
   * Handle a HTTP Upgrade request.
   *
   * @param {http.IncomingMessage} req The request object
   * @param {Duplex} socket The network socket between the server and client
   * @param {Buffer} head The first packet of the upgraded stream
   * @param {Function} cb Callback
   * @public
   */
  handleUpgrade(req, socket, head, cb) {
    socket.on('error', socketOnError);

    const key = req.headers['sec-websocket-key'];
    const version = +req.headers['sec-websocket-version'];

    if (req.method !== 'GET') {
      const message = 'Invalid HTTP method';
      abortHandshakeOrEmitwsClientError(this, req, socket, 405, message);
      return;
    }

    if (req.headers.upgrade.toLowerCase() !== 'websocket') {
      const message = 'Invalid Upgrade header';
      abortHandshakeOrEmitwsClientError(this, req, socket, 400, message);
      return;
    }

    if (!key || !keyRegex.test(key)) {
      const message = 'Missing or invalid Sec-WebSocket-Key header';
      abortHandshakeOrEmitwsClientError(this, req, socket, 400, message);
      return;
    }

    if (version !== 8 && version !== 13) {
      const message = 'Missing or invalid Sec-WebSocket-Version header';
      abortHandshakeOrEmitwsClientError(this, req, socket, 400, message);
      return;
    }

    if (!this.shouldHandle(req)) {
      abortHandshake(socket, 400);
      return;
    }

    const secWebSocketProtocol = req.headers['sec-websocket-protocol'];
    let protocols = new Set();

    if (secWebSocketProtocol !== undefined) {
      try {
        protocols = subprotocol.parse(secWebSocketProtocol);
      } catch (err) {
        const message = 'Invalid Sec-WebSocket-Protocol header';
        abortHandshakeOrEmitwsClientError(this, req, socket, 400, message);
        return;
      }
    }

    const secWebSocketExtensions = req.headers['sec-websocket-extensions'];
    const extensions = {};

    if (
      this.options.perMessageDeflate &&
      secWebSocketExtensions !== undefined
    ) {
      const perMessageDeflate = new PerMessageDeflate(
        this.options.perMessageDeflate,
        true,
        this.options.maxPayload
      );

      try {
        const offers = extension.parse(secWebSocketExtensions);

        if (offers[PerMessageDeflate.extensionName]) {
          perMessageDeflate.accept(offers[PerMessageDeflate.extensionName]);
          extensions[PerMessageDeflate.extensionName] = perMessageDeflate;
        }
      } catch (err) {
        const message =
          'Invalid or unacceptable Sec-WebSocket-Extensions header';
        abortHandshakeOrEmitwsClientError(this, req, socket, 400, message);
        return;
      }
    }

    //
    // Optionally call external client verification handler.
    //
    if (this.options.verifyClient) {
      const info = {
        origin:
          req.headers[`${version === 8 ? 'sec-websocket-origin' : 'origin'}`],
        secure: !!(req.socket.authorized || req.socket.encrypted),
        req
      };

      if (this.options.verifyClient.length === 2) {
        this.options.verifyClient(info, (verified, code, message, headers) => {
          if (!verified) {
            return abortHandshake(socket, code || 401, message, headers);
          }

          this.completeUpgrade(
            extensions,
            key,
            protocols,
            req,
            socket,
            head,
            cb
          );
        });
        return;
      }

      if (!this.options.verifyClient(info)) return abortHandshake(socket, 401);
    }

    this.completeUpgrade(extensions, key, protocols, req, socket, head, cb);
  }

  /**
   * Upgrade the connection to WebSocket.
   *
   * @param {Object} extensions The accepted extensions
   * @param {String} key The value of the `Sec-WebSocket-Key` header
   * @param {Set} protocols The subprotocols
   * @param {http.IncomingMessage} req The request object
   * @param {Duplex} socket The network socket between the server and client
   * @param {Buffer} head The first packet of the upgraded stream
   * @param {Function} cb Callback
   * @throws {Error} If called more than once with the same socket
   * @private
   */
  completeUpgrade(extensions, key, protocols, req, socket, head, cb) {
    //
    // Destroy the socket if the client has already sent a FIN packet.
    //
    if (!socket.readable || !socket.writable) return socket.destroy();

    if (socket[kWebSocket]) {
      throw new Error(
        'server.handleUpgrade() was called more than once with the same ' +
          'socket, possibly due to a misconfiguration'
      );
    }

    if (this._state > RUNNING) return abortHandshake(socket, 503);

    const digest = createHash('sha1')
      .update(key + GUID)
      .digest('base64');

    const headers = [
      'HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols',
      'Upgrade: websocket',
      'Connection: Upgrade',
      `Sec-WebSocket-Accept: ${digest}`
    ];

    const ws = new this.options.WebSocket(null, undefined, this.options);

    if (protocols.size) {
      //
      // Optionally call external protocol selection handler.
      //
      const protocol = this.options.handleProtocols
        ? this.options.handleProtocols(protocols, req)
        : protocols.values().next().value;

      if (protocol) {
        headers.push(`Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: ${protocol}`);
        ws._protocol = protocol;
      }
    }

    if (extensions[PerMessageDeflate.extensionName]) {
      const params = extensions[PerMessageDeflate.extensionName].params;
      const value = extension.format({
        [PerMessageDeflate.extensionName]: [params]
      });
      headers.push(`Sec-WebSocket-Extensions: ${value}`);
      ws._extensions = extensions;
    }

    //
    // Allow external modification/inspection of handshake headers.
    //
    this.emit('headers', headers, req);

    socket.write(headers.concat('\r\n').join('\r\n'));
    socket.removeListener('error', socketOnError);

    ws.setSocket(socket, head, {
      allowSynchronousEvents: this.options.allowSynchronousEvents,
      maxPayload: this.options.maxPayload,
      skipUTF8Validation: this.options.skipUTF8Validation
    });

    if (this.clients) {
      this.clients.add(ws);
      ws.on('close', () => {
        this.clients.delete(ws);

        if (this._shouldEmitClose && !this.clients.size) {
          process.nextTick(emitClose, this);
        }
      });
    }

    cb(ws, req);
  }
}

module.exports = WebSocketServer;

/**
 * Add event listeners on an `EventEmitter` using a map of <event, listener>
 * pairs.
 *
 * @param {EventEmitter} server The event emitter
 * @param {Object.<String, Function>} map The listeners to add
 * @return {Function} A function that will remove the added listeners when
 *     called
 * @private
 */
function addListeners(server, map) {
  for (const event of Object.keys(map)) server.on(event, map[event]);

  return function removeListeners() {
    for (const event of Object.keys(map)) {
      server.removeListener(event, map[event]);
    }
  };
}

/**
 * Emit a `'close'` event on an `EventEmitter`.
 *
 * @param {EventEmitter} server The event emitter
 * @private
 */
function emitClose(server) {
  server._state = CLOSED;
  server.emit('close');
}

/**
 * Handle socket errors.
 *
 * @private
 */
function socketOnError() {
  this.destroy();
}

/**
 * Close the connection when preconditions are not fulfilled.
 *
 * @param {Duplex} socket The socket of the upgrade request
 * @param {Number} code The HTTP response status code
 * @param {String} [message] The HTTP response body
 * @param {Object} [headers] Additional HTTP response headers
 * @private
 */
function abortHandshake(socket, code, message, headers) {
  //
  // The socket is writable unless the user destroyed or ended it before calling
  // `server.handleUpgrade()` or in the `verifyClient` function, which is a user
  // error. Handling this does not make much sense as the worst that can happen
  // is that some of the data written by the user might be discarded due to the
  // call to `socket.end()` below, which triggers an `'error'` event that in
  // turn causes the socket to be destroyed.
  //
  message = message || http.STATUS_CODES[code];
  headers = {
    Connection: 'close',
    'Content-Type': 'text/html',
    'Content-Length': Buffer.byteLength(message),
    ...headers
  };

  socket.once('finish', socket.destroy);

  socket.end(
    `HTTP/1.1 ${code} ${http.STATUS_CODES[code]}\r\n` +
      Object.keys(headers)
        .map((h) => `${h}: ${headers[h]}`)
        .join('\r\n') +
      '\r\n\r\n' +
      message
  );
}

/**
 * Emit a `'wsClientError'` event on a `WebSocketServer` if there is at least
 * one listener for it, otherwise call `abortHandshake()`.
 *
 * @param {WebSocketServer} server The WebSocket server
 * @param {http.IncomingMessage} req The request object
 * @param {Duplex} socket The socket of the upgrade request
 * @param {Number} code The HTTP response status code
 * @param {String} message The HTTP response body
 * @private
 */
function abortHandshakeOrEmitwsClientError(server, req, socket, code, message) {
  if (server.listenerCount('wsClientError')) {
    const err = new Error(message);
    Error.captureStackTrace(err, abortHandshakeOrEmitwsClientError);

    server.emit('wsClientError', err, socket, req);
  } else {
    abortHandshake(socket, code, message);
  }
}